The Lincoln Memorial

The Lincoln Memorial THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL The Lincoln Memorial is a ceremonious monument located in Washington, D.C., which was built in honor of the 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, and of the virtues of tolerance, honesty, and constancy in the human spirit. The memorial, which was erected along the banks of River Potomac, was designed by Henry Bacon, and was inspired by the Athenian Parthenon. The Lincoln Memorial is comprised of thirty six columns made of Colorado marble. Each column, which is 13.4 metres or 44 feet high, represents a state in the Union in 1865 (the time of the death of Lincoln). Listed above the colonnade are the names of the forty eight neighboring states and the dates of their Union admission, which are carved in Roman numerals. The names of Hawaii and Alaska have been engraved on a plaque on the front steps, as they received statehood a few decades after the completion of the Lincoln Memorial. In the interior of the monument is a seated statue of Abraham Lincoln built out of Georgia white marble, which is 5.8 metres or 19 feet tall. This statue is laid on a pedestal constructed out of Tennessee marble, and its twenty eight parts were put together at the site itself. The design of the statue was by Daniel Chester French and the carving was done by the Piccirilli brothers from New York. Lincolns Gettysburg address is engraved on the southern wall of the monument, while Lincolns second inaugural address is engraved on the northern wall. There are two pieces of painted artwork by Jules Guerin on the ceiling- Emanicipation of a Race and Reunion and Progress. The Lincoln Memorial is also the terminal to the western border of the National Mall. It is located on the Reflecting Pool close to the Korean War Veterans Memorial as well as the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. The Lincoln Memorial is a significant symbol of the civil rights movement of America. On the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation (1963), Martin Luther King, Jr., a civil rights leader, stood at the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and delivered his famous I Have a Dream speech in the presence of over 200,000 people. The message of the Lincoln Memorial In this temple, as in the hearts of the people for whom he saved the Union, the memory of Abraham Lincoln is enshrined forever. VISITOR ORIGINS: Tourists from all around the world hope to capture a piece of history by taking photographs at the Lincoln Memorial due to its importance in obtaining democracy and liberty in America. Lincoln Memorial Hours: The Lincoln Memorial is open to the public at every hour of the day and every day of the year. The early evening and morning hours are the most alluring and peaceful times to visit. Accessibility: This memorial is free of charge and completely accessible by wheelchair. Bathrooms and water fountains are also available. Bike stands are located northeast of the Lincoln Memorial Foggy Bottom is the nearest Metro station and is around a 15 to 20 minute walk. The Lincoln Memorial Location The address of the Lincoln Memorial is 2 Lincoln Circle, NW, Washington, DC 20037 THE ECONOMIC IMPACT THE ON GDP: Approximately six million people visited the Lincoln Memorial in 2011, which is greater than every other local site. $204 million was brought in to the local economy and 2,075 jobs were created by those visitors. Visitors since 1936 to 2016 Year Recreation Visitors 1936 857,441 2010 6,042,315 2011 5,971,220 2012 6,191,361 2013 6,546,518 2014 7,139,072 2015 7,941,771 2016 7,915,934 Total 238,620,382 The Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) Monthly Breakdown of visitation 2015 2016 January 301,952 January 280,683 February 226,005 February 273,749 March 577,003 March 693,760 April 951,157 April 859,445 May 1,076,971 May 847,936 June 820,416 June 766,101 July 880,160 July 1,020,341 August 824,768 August 832,800 September 676,651 September 660,501 October 721,995 October 663,637 November 505,653 November 558,400 December 379,040 December 458,581 Total 7,941,771 Total 7,915,934 The Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) ACCOMMODATION OPTIONS: Numerous options of accomodation are available within close proximity to the memorial, including a variety of star rated hotel chains and amenities. TOURS: Special Lincoln Memorial tour packages are available, starting at $25, which also include visits to surrounding monuments, a few of which are given below. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS: Washington Monument The White House The National Mall The Vietnam Memorial The World War II Memorial Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial FUN FACTS: The image of the Lincoln Memorial is on one side of the U.S. penny and at the back of the US$5 bill. The memorial has been influenced by the Greeks as Greece is known as the birthplace of democracy. The 19th century design was very much more intricate than the completed monument. On October 15, 1966, the Memorial has been added to the National Register of Historic Places. The statue of Lincoln was initially designed to be only 10 feet tall, but the statue nearly doubled in size as the construction began. To support the weight of the marble structure, its foundation was built around 66 feet deep. Thus, approximately 40 percent of the monument is actually buried underground. REFERENCES Ermengem, K. (n.d.). Lincoln Memorial, Washington. A View On Cities. http://www.aviewoncities.com/washington/lincolnmemorial.htm. (viewed 30 Mar. 2017). Irma.nps.gov. (n.d.). U.S. Department of Interior National Park Services. https://www.nps.gov/resources/story.htm%3Fid%3D201. (viewed 30 Mar. 2017) Mentalfloss.com. (2015). 15 Monumental Facts about the Lincoln Memorial. http://mentalfloss.com/article/66932/15-monumental-facts-about-lincoln-memorial. (viewed 30 Mar. 2017).

Anthropology notes

Clan becomes important 1922 â€Å"An account of native enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. † BOOK Synoptic chart â€Å"†¦ to collect concrete data, and accordingly I took a village census, wrote down genealogies, drew up plans, and collected the terms of kinship. But all this remained dead material, which led no further into the understanding of real native mentality or behavior†¦ † (Malinowski, B. 1922) Verandah anthropologistMalinowski is saying in order to do real anthropological research, we need to be in the environment Participant-observation â€Å"Social anthropology began in the Trobriand Islands in 1914† o Leach, Edmund R. Armchair (at home) †+ Verandah (in a distant country – Rivers) †+ Participant Observation (observing and participating in everyday field settings – Malinowski, Evans-Pritchard) Malinowski – left England, not armchair Notes and Querries Tylor was thinking of developing Armchair o When most researchers were at home It kept changingAfter Malinowski, the notes and Querries book was viewed by other people He wanted to help people to make sure they are documenting things clearly There's a focus on what to collect, what cultural content Querries about â€Å"string† (p. 286) The process of doing anthropological fieldwork o The how of anthropology o There weren't too many other sources of guidance o People still needed guidance on what to collect If there is a yearly cycle, you can see the whole thing Evans-Pritchard Didn't think notes and querries was helpfulTheorizing culture o Video that we saw â€Å"it was soon clear that if I could gain a full understanding of the meaning of this word, I should have the key to Zande philosophy' (from the video Strange Beliefs) facts in themselves are meaningless â€Å"even an idiot can produce a new tact† o thing is to product a new idea relationship between theory and data o between theory and observation these two are linked one cannot study anything without the other â€Å"in social anthropology you are studying not Just as an observer but also as a articipant.You are not Just a member of the audience: you are also on the stage. To understand the Nuer you have to go to learn to think as a Nuer, to feel as a Nuer, in a kind of way to be a Nuer. And this can't be done by any kind of scientific technique. And this is why I think the anthropologist is in a peculiar position because he is trying to interpret what he sees, not Just with the head, but with his whole personality, with his heart as well. † (from video Strange Beliefs) Levy-Bruhl Primitive Mentality Anthropology notes Clan becomes important 1922 â€Å"An account of native enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. † BOOK Synoptic chart â€Å"†¦ to collect concrete data, and accordingly I took a village census, wrote down genealogies, drew up plans, and collected the terms of kinship. But all this remained dead material, which led no further into the understanding of real native mentality or behavior†¦ † (Malinowski, B. 1922) Verandah anthropologistMalinowski is saying in order to do real anthropological research, we need to be in the environment Participant-observation â€Å"Social anthropology began in the Trobriand Islands in 1914† o Leach, Edmund R. Armchair (at home) †+ Verandah (in a distant country – Rivers) †+ Participant Observation (observing and participating in everyday field settings – Malinowski, Evans-Pritchard) Malinowski – left England, not armchair Notes and Querries Tylor was thinking of developing Armchair o When most researchers were at home It kept changingAfter Malinowski, the notes and Querries book was viewed by other people He wanted to help people to make sure they are documenting things clearly There's a focus on what to collect, what cultural content Querries about â€Å"string† (p. 286) The process of doing anthropological fieldwork o The how of anthropology o There weren't too many other sources of guidance o People still needed guidance on what to collect If there is a yearly cycle, you can see the whole thing Evans-Pritchard Didn't think notes and querries was helpfulTheorizing culture o Video that we saw â€Å"it was soon clear that if I could gain a full understanding of the meaning of this word, I should have the key to Zande philosophy' (from the video Strange Beliefs) facts in themselves are meaningless â€Å"even an idiot can produce a new tact† o thing is to product a new idea relationship between theory and data o between theory and observation these two are linked one cannot study anything without the other â€Å"in social anthropology you are studying not Just as an observer but also as a articipant.You are not Just a member of the audience: you are also on the stage. To understand the Nuer you have to go to learn to think as a Nuer, to feel as a Nuer, in a kind of way to be a Nuer. And this can't be done by any kind of scientific technique. And this is why I think the anthropologist is in a peculiar position because he is trying to interpret what he sees, not Just with the head, but with his whole personality, with his heart as well. † (from video Strange Beliefs) Levy-Bruhl Primitive Mentality

Mehmet Egirgen

PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE THE THREE PARTS OF A PARAGRAPH 1. TOPIC SENTENCE: States the main idea of the paragraph. It limits the topic to one specific area that can be discussed completely in the space of a single paragraph. It has two parts: a) Topic b) Controlling idea. e. g. Driving on freeways requires skills and alertness. Topic controlling idea Registering for college classes can be a frustrating experience for new students. Topic controlling idea Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics.Topic controlling idea 2. SUPPORTING SENTENCES: develop the topic sentence. They explain or prove the topic sentence by giving more information about it. e. g. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was made 25 centuries ago. 3. CONCLUDING SENTENCE: signals the end of the paragraph and leaves the reader with important points to remember. e. g. In conclusion, gold is t reasured not only for its beauty but also its utility.HOW TO WRITE GOOD TOPIC SENTENCES 1. It must be a complete sentence. 2. It must contain both the topic and the controlling idea. 3. A topic sentence is the most general sentence in the paragraph because it gives only the main idea. It doesn’t give specific details. A reader wants to know generally what to expect in a paragraph, but they don’t want to learn all the details in the first sentence. a) A lunar eclipse is an omen of a coming disaster. ______too specific. _____ b) Superstitions have been around forever. ______ too general_______ c) People hold many superstitious beliefs about the moon. ___ best TS______ d) Is made of green cheese. _____ incomplete_____ Now, it’s your turn: a) The history of astronomy is interesting. ___________ b) Ice age people recorded the appearance of new moons by making scratches ___________ in animal bones. c) For example, Stonehenge in Britain, built 3500 years ago to track t he ___________ movements of the sun. d) Ancient people observed and recorded lunar and solar events in different___________ ways. ********************************************************* a) It is hard to know which foods are safe to eat nowadays. __________ b) In some large ocean fish, there are high levels of mercury. ___________ c) Undercooked chickens and hamburger may carry E. coli bacteria. ___________ d) Not to mention mad cow disease. ___________ e) Food safety is an important issue. ___________ Writing topic sentences: Read the paragraphs below. The topic sentence of each paragraph has been omitted. Try to write a suitable topic sentence for each paragraph. ______________________________________. In Beijing, China, people own over 7 million bicycles. In cities in Denmark, between 20 and 30 percent of daily trips are made on bicycles.In many Asian cities, bicycle-like vehicles called rickshaws carry between 10 and 20 percent of the goods moved daily. In Africa, the bicycle i s the most common means of traveling intermediate distances. In Iran, too, bicycles are the primary means of transportation in such cities as Yazd and Kerman. ____________________________________. The earliest known examples of wheels are from Mesopotamia. It dates from about 3500 to 3000 BC. Wheels were first used in the cart or wagon, pulled by humans or animals. After the invention of the steam engine, wheels were driven by steam. Today, animal-drawn carts re still used in many countries. The horse-drawn chariot appeared in Mesopotamia around 2000 BC. It was later used in Egypt, Persia, Greece, Rome, and other ancient civilizations. _________________________________________. Water is often drawn from rivers, lakes, or the ocean for use in factories and power plants. This water is usually returned to the source warmer than when it was taken. This small temperature change in the body of water can drive away the fish and other animals that were originally present. It attracts other animals in place of them. The result may be fish and other wildlife deaths. ____________________________________. The United Nations (UN) estimates that the world population reached 6 billion in 1999, and is increasing by more than 77 million persons each year. The rate of increase, 1. 3 percent per year, has fallen below the peak rate of 2 percent per year attained by 1970. By the late 2040s, the UN estimates, the growth rate will have fallen to about 0. 64 percent annually. At that time more than 50 countries will experience negative growth. __________________________________________. The world's heaviest rainfall is about 10,922 mm per year. It occurs in northeastern India.As much as 26,466 mm, or 26 m, of rain have fallen there in one year. Other extreme rainfall records include nearly 1168 mm of rain in one day during a typhoon in Philippines; 304. 8 mm within one hour during a thunderstorm in Missouri; and 62. 7 mm in over a 5-min period in Panama. HOW TO WRITE SUPPORTING SENT ENCES The biggest problem in student writing is that student writers often fail to support their ideas adequately. They need to use specific details to be thorough and convincing. There are several kinds of specific supporting details: examples, statistics, and quotations. Sample paragraph:HOW TO WRITE CONCLUDING SENTENCES: A concluding sentence serves two purposes: 1. It signals the end of the paragraph. 2. It leaves the reader with the most important ideas to remember. It can do this in two ways: a) By summarizing the main points of the paragraph. b) By repeating the topic sentence in different ways. You may start your concluding sentence with one of those signals: End-of-paragraph signals followed by a comma| End-of-paragraph signals not followed by a comma| Finally, Lastly, In brief, Therefore, Thus, Indeed, To sum up.In conclusion,In short, | The evidence suggests that†¦. There can be no doubt that †¦These examples show that †¦We can see that †¦. | Now itâ⠂¬â„¢s your turn. Write concluding sentences for the follwing paragraps: **************************************************************************** Read the two paragraphs below and answer the questions that follow each paragraph: PARAGRAPH 1 To be able to make good coffee, you should be aware of some delicate points. First, it is very important to make sure that the pot in which you want to make coffee is clean. Dust can make your coffee bad.Second, pour some clean water into the pot, and let it boil. When the water boils, remove the pot from the stove and let it remain still for a few seconds. Next, pour some instant coffee into a cup and fill the cup with water from the pot. The Lavazza brand is the best instant coffee on the market. What is the topic sentence of the paragraph? What are the controlling ideas in the topic sentence? Circle them. Are all the supporting sentences related to the topic sentence? Are any of the sentences indirectly related to the topic sentence? Are t here any sentences that do not belong?PARAGRAPH 2 An ideal husband has several characteristics. First, he must be gentle. Second, he must come from a respectable family. Moreover, he must be an honest man who always tells the truth and never cheats his wife. Loyalty is another important point in an ideal husband. Finally, he must be in an acceptable financial situation. All girls like to live in their husbands' personal house, go to work in their husbands' personal car, and have fun with their husbands' money. What is the topic sentence of the second paragraph? What are the controlling ideas in the topic sentence?Circle them. Are all the supporting sentences related to the topic sentence? Are any of the sentences indirectly related to the topic sentence? Are there any sentences that don't belong? Why don't they fit? THE OUTLINE The outline gives you a general plan for your paragraph. It will tell you what points you should include in your paragraph. There are two types of outlines: topic outline, and sentence outline. In topic outlines, you use phrases after each head number. In sentence outlines, however, you use complete sentences after each head number.The outline below—the plays of Shakespeare—is a topic outline. As you can see, only words or phrases have been used in this outline. Notice that in writing courses, topic outlines are often preferred over sentence outlines. Developing the skill of outlining is a good help for any beginner. Outlining can give you a general plan, a platform, an emblem, or a blueprint. You can then use your outline to give organization to your paragraphs. Suppose that you are asked to write about Shakespeare. Shakespeare will be the subject of your writing.Now, it is for you to decide what to write about Shakespeare. You may decide to write about the plays of Shakespeare. This will be the topic of your paragraph. You should then narrow this topic by a number of controlling ideas. Suppose that you decide to write ab out three types of Shakespeare's plays. You have limited your topic in terms of number and type. Now you can make the following outline: The plays of Shakespeare I. Tragedies A. Macbeth B. Othello II. Comedies A. The comedy of errors B. The merchant of Venice III. Histories A. Richard II B. Henry VThis outline can then be expanded into the following paragraph: The plays of Shakespeare can be classified into three types. First, there are the tragedies. Two of his most famous tragedies are Macbeth and Othello. Shakespeare has also written a number of comedies. Shakespeare's most outstanding comedies are The comedy of errors and The merchant of Venice. Moreover, some of Shakespeare's plays focus on history. Richard II and Henry V belong in this category. EXERCISE 1. Read the following paragraph carefully, and: 1. Underline the topic. 2. Circle the controlling ideas. . Write an outline for the paragraph. Forests may be divided into the following six general types. First, there are the f orests of the hot areas. The famous subtypes are the forests of the northern hemisphere and the oceanic forests. Second, monsoon forests are characteristic of Bengal, Myanmar, Southeast Asia, and India. Tropical forests, on the other hand, are found in regions such as the Campos of Brazil. The next category—Northern pine forests—form a worldwide belt around the earth. Next, rain forests are characteristic of central Africa and the Amazon.Finally, evergreen forests are found in North America and the Caribbean islands. 2. Write a unified paragraph on the basis of the information you get from the following outline. Types of trees I. Fruit trees A. Fleshy fruits 1. Orange 2. Apple B. Dry fruits 1. Nuts 2. Almond II. Fruitless tress A. Pine B. Oak STEPS OF WRITING A GOOD PARAGRAPH On the whole, there are eight steps for writing a good paragraph. 1. Think about the subject carefully. Example: Air pollution 2. Narrow the subject to a few topics. Example: Causes of air polluti on Effects of air pollution Air pollution and the environmentAir pollution versus water pollution The history of air pollution Air pollution and global warming 3. Choose one of the topics. Make sure you know about what you write. Also, make sure the topic will be of interest to the readers. Example: effects of Air pollution 4. List some details about your topic. Example: Effects of air pollution on animal life Effects of air pollution on plant life Effects of air pollution on human health Effects of air pollution on atmosphere 5. Choose the most important detail you want to communicate. It should be interesting or important to the readers too.Example: The effects of air pollution on human health 6. Write a topic sentence based on this detail. Include a few controlling ideas in the topic sentence to limit the size of your paragraph. Example: Air pollution has two major effects on human health. 7. Make an outline for the paragraph. Effects of air pollution on human health I. Physical effects A. Heart attack B. Lung cancer II. Psychological effects A. Depression B. irritation 8. Write your paragraph, using the information you have listed in the outline. EXERCISE 1. Choose one of the following subjects: coin airplane shark sea . Follow the eight steps of paragraph writing and develop a paragraph. Then read your own paragraph and try to answer these questions: 1. Is my paragraph unified? 2. Is it complete? 3. Which sentence is the most general? 4. Which sentences provide specific details to support the topic sentence? 5. Are any sentences unrelated to the topic sentence? 6. Is my paragraph sketchy? 7. What are the controlling ideas of my topic sentence? 8. Is my paragraph interesting? 9. Are my supporting sentences related to my topic sentence? 10. Is there any irrelevant supporting sentence in my paragraph?

Database Normalization - 5200 Words

D a t a b a s e N o r m a l i z a t i o n I n t r o d u c t i o n N o r m a l i z a t i o n i s c a r r i e d o u t i n d a t a b a s e s t o r e d u c e r e d u n d a n c i e s a n d d e p e n d e n c i e s . T h i s i s p o s s i b l e v i a t h e s p l i t t i n g o f l a r g e t a b l e s i n t o s m a l l e r o n e s t o i s o l a t e d a t a s o t h a t a d d i t i o n s , d e l e t i o n s , a n d m o d i f i c a t i o n s o f a f i e l d c a n b e m a d e i n j u s t o n e t a b l e a n d t h e n p r o p a g a t e d t h r o u g h t h e r e s t o f t h e d a t a b a s e v i a t h e d e f i n e d r e l a t i o n s h i p s ( C o d d , 1 9 7 0 ) . I n t h e n o r m a l i z a t i o n t h e r e a r e f a c t o r s c o n s i d e r e d d u r i n g n o r m a l i z a t i o n t h e s e b e i n g ; F i r s t N o r m a l F o r m ( 1 N F ) , S e c o n d N o r m a l F o r m ( 2 N F ) , a n d T h i r d N o r m a l F o r m ( 3 N F ) . H o w e v e r , f o r t h e t a b l e t o b e f u l l y n o r m a l i z e d , i t i s s u p p o s e d t o f a l l i n t h e 3 N F c a t e g o r y ; f r e e o f i n s e r t i o n , u p d a t e , a n d d e l e t i o n a n o m a l i e s . T a b l e N o r m a l i z a t i o n T h e t a b l e s c r e a t e d i n t h eShow MoreRelatedNormalization Process Within A Database955 Words   |  4 PagesNormalization can be used as a methodology for achieving an organized and logically designed database free of overused excessive data. The normalization process includes three integral fundamental steps which are the first normal form, second normal form, and third normal form. Logically organizing data in a manner that reduces or eradicates excessive equivalent data allows for accurate and concise data tracking within a database, and normalization can help achieve this. 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